CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIATION THERAPY Essays - Medicine,

jjkn CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIATION THERAPY A Research Presented to the Department of Arts and Sciences Cavite State University - Carmona Carmona, Cavite In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Business Management Major in Marketing Management Leocel Bado Mycris Jean D. Bragat Sharra Jannieca R. Capuz Remi Ann T. Culaban Chresna Mae N. Sarmiento November 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS W e are really grateful because we managed to complete our General Chemistry research within the time given by our lecturer Profes sor Earl Cyril G. Rosaldo. This research cannot be completed without the effort and cooperation form our group members, Leocel, Mycris Jean, Sharra Jannieca,Remi Ann and Chresna Mae.We would like to thank our school librarian for allowing us to use book references from the library about Chemotherapy, We also thank Professor Richmond K. Quilatan for lending us his Radation Theraphy Book reference. Last but not the least we would like to express our gratitude to our family for giving us the place to do our research. THE AUTHORS II ABSTRACT Bado, Leocel C., Bragat, Mycris Jean D., Capuz, Sharra Jannieca R., Culaban, Remi Ann T., Sarmiento, Chresna Mae N., Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy. A n Undergraduate Research. Bachelor of Science in Business Management major in Marketing Management. Cavite State University - Carmona Campus, Carmona, Cavite. November 2017: Earl Cyril G. Rosaldo Chemotherapy (chemo) and Radiation Therapy are the most common types of cancer treatment. Both are designed to effectively kill cancer cells, they are very different forms of treatment in terms of their process, and the effect on the body. III TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.. ABSTRACT. TABLE OF CONTENTS.. LIST OF TABLES (if you have) .... LIST OF FIGURES (if you have) .. LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES (if you have) LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES (if you have) . INTRODUCTION... 1 Background of the Study .. __ Statement of the Problem . __ Scope and Limitations .. __ Significance of the Study .. __ Definition of Terms .. __ PROCESS/MECHANISM/PATHWAY .. Process No. 1 .. . Process No. 2 .. . Process No. 3 .. . DISCUSSION. Title of the first topic . Title of the second topic IV 5000625-85724 __ __ __ __00 __ __ __ __ CONCLUSIONS...... Conclusions .... REFERENCES...... APPENDICES..... CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIATION THERAPY Leocel Bado Mycris Jean D. Bragat Sharra Jannieca R. Capuz Remi Ann T. Culaban Chresna Mae N. Sarmiento -5715057150 An undergraduate research manuscript submitted to the Faculty of Department of Arts and Sciences of Cavite State University - Carmona Campus, Carmona, Cavite, in partial fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Management major in Marketing Management. Prepared under the supervision of Earl Cyril G. Rosaldo. -57150311150 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION THERAPY Radiation Therapy, often referred to as radiation oncology , began approximately a year after x-trays were discovered in 1895. It is a medical specialty that involves the treatment of malignant and benign tumors by the app lication of ionizing radiation. A medical student, Emil H. Grubbe, together with a physician friend treated an advanced case of breast cancer with x-ray on January 19, 1896. He continued his research but eventually contracted skin cancer and lost his left hand. By 1899, the first cancer, a basal cell epithelioma, has been cured by radiation. The initial responses observed in the treatment of skin and other superficial tumors generated the hope that a cure for cancer had officially been found. This hope was soon followed by a wave of disappointment and doubt when tumor recurrences and injuries to normal tissues began to appear. The treatments often involved single massive exposures aimed at the eradication of tumors, and the patients who survived the immediate post irradiation often developed major complications. Because of this disappointing result, the use of x-rays to treat tumors would soon have been abandoned had it not been for laboratory and clinical work by Claud Regaud and Henri Coutard . They found that by administering fractionated doses of radiation (smaller doses rather than a large single does), they could achieve the same tumor response but without serious injury to adjacent normal tissues. The clinical pioneers in radiation therapy, mostly surgeons and dermatologists, used the " erythema d ose," or radiation dose necessary

Communism essays

Communism essays Its hard to believe that 60 years ago, the threat of communism was at the door step of the United States. Most everyone was in the some way effected by the threat. From being assoiated with communists or even being acused of actually Communism is often called a collective ideology, which calls for collective or state, ownership of land and other productive property. The origin of the idea of Communism lie deep in Western though. Communist communities have been reported to have existed in ancient times, usually established by a religious order. Marx and Friedrich Engels first set out its basic concepts in the Communist Manifesto in 1848. The thoughts expressed in the communist manifesto were greatly different then previous Utopian views. Marxs major work, Das Kapital (1867), he based the work on the four closely related concepts: his theory of history, the labor theory of value, the nature of the state, and the dictatorship of the proletariat. Marxs view of history was a story of class struggle of social classes competing for the control of labor and productive property. One class was the oppressors; the other, the oppressed.Marx also rejected the free enterprise ideas of profit and competition. In his opinion, the value of commodity was sety by the amount of labor put into it. A pair of shoes or a rebuilt bicycle is worth a certain amount because it takes that much labor to produce it. Therefore, communists say, the laborer should receive that value in full. Marx saw the state and its government as the tools by which the capitalists maintained their power and privilages. He also stated that he thought religion was the opiate of the people, a sort of drug that persuades workers to tolerate their harsh lot in this life in the hope that someday they will gain what Marx called a fictional afterlife. Although, Marx did not believe that revolu...

Critically analyse the impact of the 1870, 1902 & 1918 Education Acts Essay

Critically analyse the impact of the 1870, 1902 & 1918 Education Acts on society and education with particular reference to linkage of policy between the three acts - Essay Example Educations Acts of 1870, 1902, and 1918, and examines their complex interaction with the social and political concerns of the culture in which they emerged. The British educational system was traditionally reserved for members of the social elite. In the middle ages, universities were largely the domain of ruling class boys, although a small number of boys of lower social classes were included. In the fifth century, some grammar schools offered teaching to the poor, but again, education was largely reserved for upper class males. By the seventeenth century, schools had begun to resemble the modern system, but many people did not approve of educating the lower classes, fearing that it would "make the working poor discontented with their lot" (Chitty 2004, cited in Gillard), and education for the poor consisted largely of moral, rather than intellectual, teachings. The Industrial Revolution saw a great change in the national education system, as industry needed workers with more advance reading skills. (Davin 1996) Even then, opposition to educating the poor was intense. Thus Tory MP Davies Giddy famously noted "giving education to the la boring classes of the poor ... would teach them to despise their lot in life, instead of making them good servants in agriculture and other laborious employments to which their rank in society has destined them; instead of teaching them the virtue of subordination, it would render them factious and refactory (sic)... it would enable them to read seditious pamphlets, vicious books and publications against Christianity" (cited in Gillard). In addition, attempts at mass education for the poor were stymied by conflict between religious and social groups. In the mid-1800s, education in England was divided by class structure, and students were schooled according to whether they belonged to the masses, the middle class, or the higher classes. The 1870 Elementary Education Act, however, demanded universal education for all children from

Scheduling apps impact on public transportation Essay

Scheduling apps impact on public transportation - Essay Example In order to bring about sanity in the transport industry, a number of applications were brought forward as a means of enhancing efficiency in the sector and improving service delivery to the customers. Some of the applications include Uber, Lyft, and Sidecar. The recent surge in scheduling apps has had a major impact on the taxi industry with benefits for the consumer; however, the applications seem to threaten the status quo of the for-hire transportation business. Based on such a perspective, this paper discusses the various attributes of the apps in the taxi industry, considering both the benefits and the threats to the different players in the industry. Since the emergence of new entrants into the industry such as Uber, Lyft, and Sidecar, there has been significant changes, especially on the structural aspects, which still operated on the mentality used decades ago (Yue, 2014). Previously, any person in need of the taxi or car services had to wait physically at one of the city streets or call on one of the taxi or car services, which would take long before making arrival. Such inconveniences significantly affected the operations of the industry, an aspect that would only be rectified by the use of new apps. As such, the different apps including Uber, Lyft, and Sidecar, made it easy for customers to use their smartphones in securing taxi and car services from any particular location. Such has significantly improved service delivery and efficiency of operation, especially for customers. However, on a different perspective, the technological changes in the transport industry have threatened some players in the industry, most especiall y those who benefited from the old infrastructural operations in the industry (Stephanidis, 2013). The scheduling apps in the transport industry with the entry of players such as Uber, Lyft, and Sidecar have had a substantive impact in the industry

Advanced HealthCare Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Advanced HealthCare Management - Assignment Example s that make employees perform their responsibilities, managers should then design appropriate motivational strategies to assist these employees towards accomplishing identified goals. Likewise, it was emphasized that since employees could manifest and assume needs and drives that could change over the course of time, the more that managers should be aware that any previously designed motivational program might need updating or revisions. For instance, in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, it was specified that â€Å"people want to satisfy various needs that can be arranged in a hierarchy of importance† (Burns, Bradley, & Weiner, 2012, p. 98). And, according to Martires, â€Å"a need ceases to be potent when it is met and man strives to satisfy the next rung of needs† (Martires, 2004, p. 38). This simply means that if workers needs that need to be satisfied as initially assessed by the manager to be predominantly physiological needs (or receiving a base salary), when this has been satisfied, the manager should re-design the motivational program of the organization to earmark satisfying the next level needs – which is security needs (Burns, Br adley, & Weiner, 2012). In addition, it was also disclosed that â€Å"managers should periodically assess motivation and performance, taking into account the occupational, career-stage and professional factors† (Burns, Bradley, & Weiner, 2012, p. 96), which were considered as important types of individual and situational differences. To enable the manager to make a comprehensive and accurate assessment, it is therefore part of their role to conduct the following activities: â€Å"informal interviews with employees and coworkers in which open-ended questions are asked about individuals’ needs, motives, perceptions, and values† (Burns, Bradley, & Weiner, 2012, p. 96). This could be challenging since some organizations have employees who come and go; meaning, the hiring and firing (or retirement of people) contribute to the

Measles, Mumps And Rubella

Measles, Mumps And Rubella Measles, mumps and rubella are three of the most highly and commonly acquired infectious diseases in children; however, they can affect people of all ages. These viruses occur throughout the world and are highly communicable airborne pathogens which can spread by close contact with an infected person. Although still a problem in many developing countries, thanks to immunization programs around the world these viruses are much less common now. Efficient and early vaccination against measles, mumps, and rubella are highly successful at preventing the diseases and most children who receive their shots are being not only protected during childhood, but generally have a life long immunity. The measles virus (MV), a member of the Morbillivirus genus in the Paramyxovirus family, is a 100-300 nm enveloped virus that contains a single-strand, negative-sense RNA genome in a helical nucleocapsid which encodes for six structural proteins and two others which are involved in viral entry. The F (fusion) and the H (hemagglutinin) proteins are important in pathogenesis since together they facilitate receptor biding, fusion of the viral membrane, and cellular entry of into the epithelial cells in the upper respiratory tract of the host [*,*]. Measles is highly infectious and once infected an individual can experience clinical features such as fever, maculopapular rash, cough, coryza (runny nose), conjunctivitis, and the pathognomonic Koplik spots ( punctuate blue-white spots which appear in the buccal and lower labial mucosa) which generally occur 1-2 days before the rash[ ]. In some cases complications such as diarrhea, otitis media, pneumonia, encephalitis, blindness, and second ary infections by common bacteria and viruses may arise. In some extreme cases subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a rare degenerative disease of the brain which generally emerges six to eight years after a primary measles virus infection, may also onset. Measles is typically an infection of childhood and protective immunity is life-long, such that a second case of measles in a child or adult would be highly unusual. Before the widespread vaccination efforts against measles in the 1960s the virus had a case-fatality ratio of about 5% in children, which was higher for children and infants in developing countries, where even today a fatality rate of up to 20% can occur. A highly effective live- attenuated vaccine for measles has contributed to the low incidence levels compare to the pre-vaccine era and even some regions of the world have documented its complete eradication. Measles is commonly diagnosed based on its distinctive symptoms, hence why laboratory diagnosis is rarely use. However, given the success of the vaccination campaigns, physicians in low measles prevalence areas may become less familiar with the disease and accurate diagnoses may become challenging in the future. Mumps Virus, like measles, also belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae, but its genus is Rubulavirus. Akin to measles, mumps is a 150-200 nm enveloped spherical virus with surface spikes projecting from the envelope. Inside the envelope, a large helically arranged nucleocapsid encloses negatively stranded RNA whose genome contains about 16,000 nucleotides. Clinical Symptoms of mumps include mild fever, anorexia, malaise, headaches and acute onset of unilateral or bilateral parotitis. Parotitis tends to take place within the first couple of days of the infection and may first be expressed through earache and tenderness of the swollen parotid or salivary gland. Mumps is highly contagious, and 90% of those that are susceptible and are exposed to the infection will themselves become infected. However, 30-40% of those with the infection are actually asymptomatic (Rubin and Farber, 1994). Complications can include meningoencephalitis, orchitis in males or oophoritis in females, as well as p ancreatitis. The live-attenuated mumps vaccine is often given along with measles and rubella in the MMR vaccine. The diagnosis of mumps is usually done based on the expression of the clinical features, in particular the presence of parotitis. There are unique challenges for the laboratory diagnosis of mumps in previously immunized individuals whose immunity may have diminished either in the absence of a second booster dose of vaccine or in areas where mumps disease, and thus exposure, is minimal. However, It has been concluded that the most rapid and sensitive diagnosis of mumps can be acquire by ELISA (Enzyme- linked Immunisorbent Assay) method. Rubella virus, commonly known as German measles, belongs to the family Togavirida, genus Rubivirus. Rubella virions, although enveloped like measles and mumps, are much smaller, approximately 60-70 nm in diameter and contain approximately 10,000 nucleotides in a single-stranded, non-segmented, positive-sense RNA genome inside a semi-spherical nucleocapsid. Rubella is usually a mild disease and is characterized by a low fever and a generalized maculopapular rash. Other symptoms may include lympadenopathy, conjunctivitis, and sore throat. Symptoms of acquired rubella are often mild and in up to 50% of cases asymptomatic. Complications are not common in rubella patients, but generally occur more often in adults than in children. Arthralgia and arthritis are common complications among 70% of infected adult women. Other complications such as encephalitis and hemorrhagic manifestations can also be experience, but these are generally rare. Although a relatively mild disease rubella can be q uiet serious if acquire by pregnant women. Pathogenesis Measles, mumps, and rubella are highly contagious viral illnesses that can be transmitted by aerosol generated when an infected person expels saliva through coughing or sneezing, or by direct contact with respiratory secretions. Following infection of a vulnerable host, all three pathogens begin replication in the respiratory tract where they initially target the respiratory ephatelium of the nasopharynx and continue onto the regional lymph nodes. This localized replication phase is followed by a viremia in which the viruses spread onto multiple other organs. In the case of measles, a primary viremia where the virus moves onto other lymphoid tissue takes place 2-3 days after infection. Around days 5-7, the virus spreads to multiple other organs such as the kidney, liver, and skin through a secondary viremia. In mumps, after 12 to 25 days of exposure a viremia arises which lasts from 3 to 5 days. This viremia allows the virus to spread to multiple tissues which include the meninges, a nd glands such as the salivary, pancreas, testes, and ovaries. Inflammation of the infected tissues causes the hallmark symptoms of the disease, parotitis and aseptic meningitis. Akin to the mumps and measles, rubella after 5-7 days of replication in the nasopharynx area follows a viremia which spreads to the lymphatic system and establishes a systematic infection. Clinical signs and symptoms for measles, mumps, and rubella occur after an incubation period of about 10-12, 14-18, and 12-23 days respectively. For measles, a prodromal period of 2-4 days marks the beginning of the clinical stage of the infection. Here, thin epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and the conjunctive began to be broken down by the virus leading to an inflammatory reaction, also a characteristic symptom of the disease. Thicker mucosal surfaces of the buccal cavity are then affected given rise to the Kopliks spots. The appearance of the spots marks the start to a delayed-type hypersensitive reaction (DTH) which gives rise to the rash. The primary antiviral immune responses to MV coincides with the appearance of the rash, and is here when the presence of IgM antibodies and of CD4+Â  and CD8+Â  T cells in areas of MV-infected epithelial cells takes place. Following this, neutralizing IgG antibodies are also introduced and in conjunction all four immune responses are completely effective in controlling viral replication and concluding the infectious process. Viral antigen is absent from skin lesions and the virus is not shed from this surface, however shedding of the virus occurs from the nasopharynx from the beginning of the prodrome until 3-4 days after the rash emerges. As mentioned, measles is a typical self-limiting infection, and can be resolved by an efficient immune response; however patients with T-cells deficiencies, unable to develop a rash, commonly experience complications such as SSPE. Several months following an acute MV infection, a prolonged state of immunosuppression, which frequently predisposes patients to many secondary bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, ensues. Mumps virus (MuV), similar to measles, causes non-specific prodromal symptoms such as mild fever and malaise during its incubation period. Upon viral entry, replication primarily takes place in the nasal mucosa and the epithelial layer of the upper respiratory track, which progressively moves on to penetrating the draining lymph nodes. From here, the viremia spreads the virus onto the parotid glands, kidney, pancreas, and central nervous system (CNS). Infection in the salivary glands produces parotitis-inflammation of the parotid glands-the most common clinical manifestation of mumps. Inflammation and swelling of the glands, visible during the first two days of infection in 30-40% of patients, is due to tissue damage and a subsequent immune response prompted by viral replication. Additionally, propagation into the kidneys can extend the infection and cause viruria. Potentially infectious virus is excreted in the urine for a period of two weeks following onset of the disease. Nonethel ess 1/3 of infections are subclinical, this being more common among adults than children. About eleven days after exposure, humoral immune response is established and the presence of neutralizing antibodies such as IgG (immunoglobulin G), IgM and IgA emerges. These antibodies help terminate the viremia and in the case of IgA it stops secretion of infectious mumps virus in the saliva. Virus shedding into the saliva begins a couple of days before the onset of clinical parotitis and ends about 8 days later. Parotid swelling culminated after 4-7 days. Although the most common expression of mumps leads to parotitis, it is important to note that the clinical course of mumps is extremely variable. Diseases such as meningitis and orchitis, commonly regarded as complications, could instead be seen as systemic manifestations of mumps. Meningitis is a common course of mumps and is characterized by inflammatory cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patient. This development is common in 15% of the patients and normally resolves within 3-10 days without secondary consequence. Orchitis-testicular inflammation-is the most common complication among post-pubertal male patients occurring in as many as 50% of cases. Ochitis usually follows parotitis, with an abrupt onset of testicular swelling, tenderness, nausea, and fever; pain and swelling generally only last 1 week, although tenderness may last longer. The rubella virus (RV), like mumps and measles, replicates around the epithelium of the buccal mucosa and the nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue. Contrary to Mv and MuV, after its incubation period and the subsequent viremia, rubella symptoms abruptly appear in children with the emergence of a rash. Prodromal symptoms are only mildly observed in adults 1-5 days before the appearance of the rash. This rash may last up to three days, starting as distinct pink maculopapules on the face, moving onto the truck and following to the extremities. Patients are most infectious immediately prior to the rash and throughout its duration. Viremia ends with the onset of rubella-specific and IgM antibodies shortly after the rash phase, which is about 2-3 week after initial exposure. Chronic enlargement of lymph nodes-Lymphadenopathy-may also take place up to a week before the emergence of the rash and last up to 10-14 days after it. Cervical and occipital lymph are frequently affected. Rubella is usuall y mild in childhood and early adulthood, with up to 50% of cases being asymptomatic, however rubella presents a bigger threat when acquired during pregnancy, especially if infection is in the first few weeks of pregnancy. Congenital acquire rubella virus infections in pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy can result in severe congenital abnormalities in the children (Congenital rubella syndrome, CRS) including deafness, cataracts, glaucoma, cardiovascular abnormalities, and mental retardation. Other outcomes of congenital rubella can lead to premature delivery and even fetal death. In 85% of cases of pregnant women who were infected during their first trimester, the babies were prematurely harmed. It is suggested that the rubella virus enter the fetus through the mothers blood stream. Since the developing fetus is especially vulnerable to illness because its immune system is not yet strong enough to permanently fight off infection, the virus remains in the body, and can leads to CRS. Concisely, while all three infections have a similar infection patterns, only measles and rubella virus are viral infections which affect the respiratory tract, whereas mumps is a viral infection of the salivary glands that causes swelling. Also all three diseases are relatively mild and in many cases asymptomatic. Nonetheless rubella, although a milder infection of the respiratory tract than measles when developed by a pregnant woman, it may lead to birth defects in the infant which the other two dont generally cause. Therapeutic strategies Currently there is no cure or treatment for measles, mumps, and rubella, efforts are generally focused on relieving symptoms until the bodys immune system manages to fight off the infection. However preventive measures such as attenuated live vaccines have been developed for all three pathogens and are currently being administered to children and adults around the world in a trivalent form known as the Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine or MMR. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine is used to protect children, as well as adults from acquiring the disease. The administration of the vaccine provides with lifelong immunity to all three diseases and has a 95% efficacy. It is highly recommended that children should get 2 doses of MMR vaccine, the first being administered between 12-15 months of age and the second at ages 4-6, commonly right before the child begins kindergarten or first grade. The vaccine is also recommended for adults who have not been previously immunized against any of the thr ee viruses or are at a higher risk of exposure such as health care providers, international traveler, and university students. It is important to note that there are also contraindications to the vaccine and some people should no use it. Those who have preciously experience severe allergic reactions to one or more of the vaccine components or to a prior dose of MMR should not be vaccinated. Pregnant women should not be administered MMR or any of its components. Additionally, women attempting to become pregnant should avoid pregnancy for at least 30 days after vaccination with measles or mumps vaccines and for 3 months after administration of MMR or other rubella-containing vaccine because the risk to the fetus from the administration of these live virus vaccines cannot be excluded. Following the publication of a paper by British researcher Andrew Wakerfield in the medical journal The Lancet in 1998, huge controversy surrounded the idea of whether or not the MMR vaccine might cause autism. In his paper Wakerfield reported that MMR vaccine caused intestinal inflammation that led to translocation of nonpermeable peptides to the bloodstream and, subsequently, to the brain, where they affected development. In his report, the cases of eight children who developed autism and intestinal problems after receiving the MMR vaccine were discussed. However, to determined if these suspicions were correct, researchers preformed a series of studies in which they compared hundreds of children who had received the MMR vaccine with hundreds who had never received the vaccine. They found that the risk of autism was the same in both groups, thus agreeing that the MMR vaccine does not cause autism. Some parents wary of the safety of the MMR vaccine stopped getting their children immu nized although no data supporting an association between MMR vaccine and autism existed and a plausible biological mechanism is lacking which has cause immunization rates to dropped, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States, given way to the outbreaks of measles and mumps led to hospitalizations and deaths that could have been prevented. Rubin and Farber, 1994. Pathology. J. B. Lippincott Company. 227 East Washington Square, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Beowulf Essay -- Epic of Beowulf Essays

The oldest English epic, Beowulf, although composed twelve centuries ago, uses many of the same ideals and values that exist in modern life and modern literature. These attributes are still important, but they do not occupy every aspect of life as in Anglo- Saxon England. Some of the ideals have little use today, such as fate, while other virtues, such as loyalty, are encouraged and highly respected traits. Other values, like fame, have taken on bad connotations in modern day and are not esteemed as they once were. Fate, the idea that destiny is predetermined and nothing can be done to change that, was highly esteemed in Beowulf’s time, but is of little use today. Anglo-Saxon warriors knew that they only had two options when they entered battle; either they live to fight again, or they die honorably amounts their own. Either way was determined by a higher power. The sense of an uncontrollable death left the Anglo-Saxon people without respect for other lives, evident in the amount of fighting in Beowulf, and also an inner gloom, â€Å"evident in the somber tone of Beowulf,† (from the text). Recently, philosophy has broken away from the more religious idea of destiny and moved toward a more logical aproach to life. Obviously, death is still inevitable, but logically, the future should be altered with each decision. Man has become too egocentric to believe someone, besides himself, can control his life. Loyalty, unlike fate, is still respected as it was in Beowulf’s time, but can g...

Internet and Books Essay

In today’s modern world, technology has a great influence on our life and time. Back in the early 19th century, when electronic devices had not been invented, the population could only use printed word such as books, posters, newspapers or magazines, to gather information. Later, in the mid 20th century, the use of computers, televisions and radios helped people to know about the incidents happening all around the world, more easily. Now, in the 21st century, the creation of internet and other devices to access it has helped us to attain gigabytes of information, just with the click of our mouse. The internet has made it possible for us to acquire answers for almost all of the questions that we ask, and has alleviated the access to information to almost every topic imaginable. Firstly, internet helps to save time and effort. All you need to do is type in your question and click SEARCH. It can give an answer to almost every question type in, and it is usually very quick, speedy and fast. On the other hand, using books or other printed texts can waste time, as you need to find the appropriate book and then search for the information you need from it. For example, while searching for a book in the library, you waste time trying to reach there, and even more time trying to find the book you need. Despite this, time is also lost when you try to find the information that is useful to you from the book. Whereas the internet acts as a filter that sieves out all the data you need, in a span of seconds. However it can be argued that using electronic devices can cause distractions and disturbances. Using the internet can divert your attention to some other unrelated site and will cause you to waste time. For instance, you may login to facebook or twitter, or check your mail instead of researching and using the time well. On the contrary, you cannot be easily distracted in a library where silence is preferred, and is filled with people who want to work. But if the internet is used properly, and if the person has a self control over himself the internet has more advantages comparing to printed texts. So in short internet can be a time-saver only if used wisely. Alternatively, the internet can sometimes provide us with unreliable information. It is like a blank page in which people are allowed to post whatever they want, and sometimes even the wrong information. As exemplified by blogs, in which anyone can post their opinions and views on a topic, the internet can be a source of unreliable and inaccurate information as it contains the judgement of different individuals and not the actual facts. On the contrary, printed texts can be a great source of reliable information. Books are written by experienced authors who have researched well about the topic themselves before publishing it. A library can assure you that the book in your hand is dependable and trustworthy. In spite of being unreliable, internet can provide us with up-to-date data. It offers information on the most recent discoveries and inventions, the latest cars or other products and about the contemporary incidents and happenings all around the world. However once a book is published, any recent findings cannot be added to it. There are always new developments in the field of health, science, technology and politics that the library simply cannot keep up with. Therefore, the internet can provide us with the latest news about our modern day developments and can be dependable only if used properly by checking the sources of a particular website. Thirdly, glaring at a screen for a long period of time can cause various eye and back problems. Computer vision syndromes like eye strain and cataracts are caused by glaring at the computer screen for prolonged periods. Millions develop a condition called ‘dry eye’, resulting in gritty, itchy, inflamed eyes, due to staring at the screen for hours. The light from computer screens can cause drastic problems to your eyes, and sometimes even partial blindness. Unlike computer screens, books can be very easy to read as they are just words printed on paper. However there are many solutions to prevent the damage caused to eyes by computer screens. Screen filters can be bought to reduce the amount of light radiation hitting our eyes. There are also many softwares that can transfer the information audibly or with the help of videos, and do not require data to be read. Regular breaks, and turning away from the screen constantly can also help in avoiding eye and back problems. Usually, there is an option to zoom in, which enables people to read easily. Unlike computers, books cannot be zoomed in, when the letters are too small to be visible, causing eye problems as well. So the problems caused by glaring at computer screens or reading the small printed texts in books, can be reduced by taking regular breaks and exercises, as anything in excess is not good for our health. Moreover, a lot of paper is wasted in the creation of books and magazines. Deforestation, being one of the greatest threats that humans are facing today, is increased by the production of paper in books. A few sheets of paper could be worth one tree. Hence the number of trees is reducing day by day. Obviously, trees are vital for our living as they are the natural producers of food. Deforestation not only causes scarcity of food and other resources, but also results in the rise of the earth’s temperature, causing global warming. In contrast to books, modern technology like mobile phones, computers or tablets does not harm the environment to a very great extent. In the case of computers the energy used is electricity, which is renewable and can be created again and again. The internet is a huge database, and more information can be adjoined into it, very easily. However books are created from sheets of paper, and if the number of books increase, then the level of deforestation can increase correspondingly. To reduce the destruction of the earth’s forests by deforestation, paper should be recycled and not wasted. Instead it is much easier to use the help of modern technology that functions with the help of renewable energy, which does not have a great impact on nature. Therefore modern electronics has made it possible to overcome a huge problem to the environment. In conclusion, modern technology has many positive uses; it has made the world a smaller place by allowing us to contact individuals all around the world, many electronic devices are very cheap making it affordable to all and has also allowed people to find out about the news and incidents happening all around the world. But every good has some bad, and the extensive use of technology can be harmful to our health. I strongly believe that modern technology has been very helpful and useful to the human population. It has eased our access to information in very sustainable manner, and has connected the world together.

Developing New Perspectives by Comparing and Contrasting: Tell Tale Heart Versus The Landlady

â€Å" Just a Journey leads to a new vista, a short story leads to new understanding† In your own opinion how well do â€Å" Tell Tale Heart â€Å" and â€Å" The Landlady â€Å" justify the above quotation Reading a story, we can learn the cruel reality of the real world. Since this is a fallen world, it is not realistic to live inside our own shell. It is important for us to be aware of the fact and take precautions even though some stories are fictions and seem to be exaggerated. However, from the fact that writers can create those stories suggests the possibilities of those crimes to be committed. Just a Journey leads to a new vista, a short story leads to new understanding† Through â€Å" The Tell-Tale Heart â€Å" and â€Å" The Land lady ,â€Å" we as readers have the privileges to explore the minds of these two great writers and have new understandings in the fields we were not familiar with. The authors of both stories had done a great job terrifying rea ders by the tension and suspense they built. The genre of these two stories is horror and mystery which contains the element of murder. â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† was written in first person narrative which makes the story more vivid and readers are more involved in the process.Poe used the form of confession to explain details so that readers would feel as if they were at the crime scene. The narrator claimed that he was just nervous but not mad. He told the story in a way which he thought could defend his sanity yet he confessed to killing the old man. The advantage of telling a story from the first person point of view is that readers can know author’s thoughts and feelings explicitly. However, this also means reader are left with limited imagination for the story. In the aspect of writing style, the author likes to use short sentences, such as â€Å"They heard! they suspected! † to make the story fast paced and build suspense. The short sentences also make t he main character seem irrational. The Land Lady was written from a third person view which is different from Poe’s. The story started with Weaver trying to find a place to stay overnight. Attracted by an incredibly cheap price, he walked into a â€Å"Bed and Breakfast. † To me, this is such an ironic coincidence that the ending might be Weaver becoming the landlady’s breakfast in a place which is called â€Å" Bed and Breakfast. Both Poe and Dahl used darkness to create suspense for murder, however, the darkness in The Landlady is in a cosy, warm place. Dahl set up the mood using similes. â€Å"But the air was deadly cold and the wind was like a flat blade of ice on his cheeks†. Those bolded words suggest a murder. As for narrative form, readers learn Billy Weaver through his thoughts and questions. Moreover, his questions and observations are also the clues for speculating what would happen next and the possible murder. As readers, we are given informa tion Weaver does not know in the story to foresee the upcoming danger.The Landlady was written in plain words and longer sentences rather than complicated words and shorter sentences. In the beginning, the plot seems to be as normal as ordinary stories. As the story develops, readers are brought into the atmosphere of darkness and horror. Since this story was told from third person point of view, readers are left with more room to imagine their own ending. In conclusion,† Tell Tale Heart â€Å" and â€Å" The Landlady â€Å" justify the quotation â€Å" Just a Journey leads to a new vista, a short story leads to new understanding. It is human nature for us to plan tomorrows as if we were in charge of our own lives. However, from these two stories, the beginnings of the stories are very different from the endings. The narrator in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† claimed he was sane but it turned out that he revealed the murder he committed by losing control. In the â€Å" Landlady,† the plot led us to an unexpected potential murder which no hints were given in the beginning. Life is full of surprises. We should always be open-minded for changes.

Miss Caroline Letter Essay Example

Miss Caroline Letter Essay Example Miss Caroline Letter Essay Miss Caroline Letter Essay Miss Caroline Letter Hey Dairy, Youll be happy to find out your little sister got to teach her first class! Today, I taught grade ones at Macomb down in Southern Alabama. Things are deferent around here Very different. This one little gal named Scout already knew how to read! Can you believe that? Her parents are teaching her the wrong way! The poor little girl knows nothing about real education. But luckily Ill be here to gulled her In the right direction. Also, you wouldnt believe how poor these kids are! I lent one of the boys, Walter, a quarter so the starving kid could have some lunch. He couldnt pay me back ICC! These kids will eventually clean out my wallet. I knew thing were different In the south but I had no Idea how different their lifestyles were. I had a rough start on my first day, but with my teaching skills, I can mold them Into proper children. Im missing you and everyone back home terribly, but the longer Im In the south the longer Im fixing a childs life. Hope to see all of you soon! Lots of love, your little sis

Who Own's History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Who Own's History - Research Paper Example Reference to history is part of humanity. It is quite hard for the society to move without visiting the history of yester years in developing policies today. Historians define history as events or scenes that occurred in the past. Past is not distinct, thereby leading to the question who determines history. The question may look cheap but quite nagging. Politicians make their references from historic events. They take there time to study historic events which had greater influence to human life, develop the event to suite their current conditions and unroll it to the society. This reason has led many people argue that history would reoccur in ones lifetime. Largely, the statement makes great sense in human life. The society owes a lot to history because the governance of the day depends on the governance of the previous day. Many people have taken their time to study what took place before their existence because the life of a man is history. Some documentation about history argues t hat a man would be ignorant if he does not take his time to explore what happened before he was born. The progress that the society boost of could only be realized when history is tabled. For instance, how would a person know his great grand father who died before he was born if history does not exist? Some people fear to study history arguing that historic events are past, yet they fail to recognize that history has influenced their lives today. This paper seeks to answer the question who determines which history is anointed as the true history. The quest for who determines which history is anointed as the true history leads to explorations of events that took place in the past. Eric Foner took his time as an historian to evaluate and determine who own history. He came out with his argument, which indicated that each individual in the society has a role in creating history. Studying history provides an opportunity for owning history. The study of the past helps in shaping the futur e by dictating the actions of today. The validity of this statement lies on the role that the government plays in the society. The government has its powers upon the people, yet it cannot exist without the people. Mr. Foner’s book who own history explores the nature of life in American history, South Africa and Soviet Union. His book provides an insight why there is no socialism in America. He goes a head to point out the importance of history in the community and the world. In the beginning of his book, Foner describes his early life in communist family. He started seeing the social and political gap that existed in America, though people claim that America is a land of liberty. The communist fight against racism influenced his life. Foner’s family had portrayed concern to the blacks whom the American white neglected or viewed as second-class citizens. Foner learnt that a person’s commitment in pursuing social justice would infuse the person’s view into history. Many articles and books that people read provide some element of truth to Foner’s view. Rising in the societal rank would expose a person to be remembered in history. Foner took this opportunity as an insight into studying history and changing the society. He took the road to academic success a means that would bring him to the limelight of history. Foner provides the history of America in his book by pointing out the social issues in the American society. He paints America as a nation that has condoned racialism under the guise of the western styles (Foner 157). His history is against the American, capitalists and democratic zeitgeist. The book portrays Foner as a left thinker. The book points the rise of Ronald Reagan and failure of the government to sustain the economy. He points the

Report On Building and Programming a LEGO Mindstorm Robot Research Paper

Report On Building and Programming a LEGO Mindstorm Robot - Research Paper Example The very first Mindstorms Robotic invention Kit comprised of two motors, two touches of sensors and a single light sensor, and yet performed well, although many improvements made on the kit comprises a number of parts. There has been an increase in the uses of these robots in daily lives (Costlow 47). In fact, engineers use these models to build a model of an embedded system with computer controlled electromechanical parts. In reality, various real life systems have borrowed a lot from these robotic models by embedding them in different systems such as elevators and industrial robots. Increasingly, many of these appliances and equipment borrow from this idea. Therefore, schools have taken to teaching engineering practices using these tools. In a group, students undertook to build a robot. Following is the report compiled after they finished exercise. Before starting the process of building and programming a LEGO, planning the procedure is the initial step of the whole process. Before commencing with the process, deciding what the group wanted to build was the first step (â€Å"Robotics Design Process†). All the required materials should be available and fully meet the requirements of the specific robot in mind. Although most of the items work for different robots, some require special parts. Methodology used in building and programming the LEGO Robot Research Research in LEGO robot building includes conducting a review of the various robots done by different people and the materials they used. Deciding on the various tasks the robot should do was one of the most important researches made. The research is a process that requires deciding on whether or not the robot can go up objects, have two or four wheels and the kind of tasks the robot can handle. Writing down the requirements helped in planning the entire robot and maki ng sure that nothing failed. Before the assembling process begun, all the materials were availed. By conducting a research on the various robots successfully made, it made it possible to add some features to make it work better. The best source of information was on blogs that have written about these robots, analysis of the performance of the robots and the LEGO website. Division the work Assembling a good robot that works properly and handles its intended tasks is not a simple task. It requires dedicated teams that show readiness and willingness to handle on every single task that assigned to them. The team settled on dividing tasks amongst themselves in order to avoid conflict of roles. For the success of any group work, members need to work as a team and show dedication in their roles. Working as a team gives better output and a more quality work as different people perform different tasks with different capacities and have different capabilities. Assembling The assembling proce ss is one of the most exciting stages of the building process. Putting the different parts to the drawn model according to the directions provided by the user manual makes a worker feel excited and happy (The Engineer 26). They started the process from the base and proceeded upwards to other parts. Experts and instructors insist on building a strong base that can hold the material without falling apart. Therefore, they picked the most talented person in engineering to put the entire base together as we contributed ideas on the design and the look of the robot. It had to be big enough to handle many roles and successfully serve its purpose. Although they applied the concepts in initial draft plan, they made a few